Eg:

1) def f1(n1,*s):
2) print(n1)
3) for s1 in s:
4) print(s1)

5)

Note: After variable length argument,if we are taking any other arguments then we

should provide values as keyword arguments.

Eg:

Note: We can declare key word variable length arguments also.

For this we have to use **.

def f1(**n):

We can call this function by passing any number of keyword arguments. Internally these

keyword arguments will be stored inside a dictionary.

Eg:

Case Study:

def f(arg1,arg2,arg3=4,arg4=8):
print(arg1,arg2,arg3,arg4)
1. f(3,2) ==> 3 2 4 8
2. f(10,20,30,40) ===>10 20 30 40
3. f(25,50,arg4=100) ==>25 50 4 100
4. f(arg4=2,arg1=3,arg2=4)===>3 4 4 2
5. f()===>Invalid
TypeError: f() missing 2 required positional arguments: 'arg1' and 'arg2'
6. f(arg3=10,arg4=20,30,40) ==>Invalid
SyntaxError: positional argument follows keyword argument

[After keyword arguments we should not take positional arguments]

7. f(4,5,arg2=6)==>Invalid
TypeError: f() got multiple values for argument 'arg2'
8. f(4,5,arg3=5,arg5=6)==>Invalid
TypeError: f() got an unexpected keyword argument 'arg5'

Note: Function vs Module vs Library:

• A group of lines with some name is called a function
• A group of functions saved to a file , is called Module
• A group of Modules is nothing but Library Types of Variables Python supports 2 types of variables.
• Global Variables
• Local Variables
• Global Variables The variables which are declared outside of function are called global variables. These variables can be accessed in all functions of that module. Eg:

1) a=10 # global variable
2) def f1():
3) print(a)

4)

5) def f2():
6) print(a)

7)

Function 1

Function 2

Function 3

Module 1

Function 1

Function 2

Function 3

Module 2

Library

• ----------------
• ----------------
• ----------------
• ----------------
• ----------------
• ----------------
• ----------------
• ----------------
• ----------------
• Function
• Local Variables: The variables which are declared inside a function are called local variables. Local variables are available only for the function in which we declared it.i.e from outside of function we cannot access. Eg:

1) def f1():
2) a=10
3) print(a) # valid

4)

5) def f2():
6) print(a) #invalid

7)

8) f1()
9) f2()

10)

11) NameError: name 'a' is not defined

global keyword:

We can use global keyword for the following 2 purposes:

• To declare global variable inside function
• To make global variable available to the function so that we can perform required modifications Eg 1:

1) a=10
2) def f1():
3) a=777
4) print(a)

5)

6) def f2():
7) print(a)

8)