String indexing is used to access individual characters from a string. Python supports both positive and negative indexing.

Python follows zero-based indexing, so the first character starts from 0.

Character	Positive Index	Negative Index
d	0	-5
u	1	-4
r	2	-3
g	3	-2
a	4	-1

Positive indexing starts from 0 and moves left to right.

p
y
t

Negative indexing starts from -1 and moves right to left.

n
o
h

We can use variables as index values.

h

If index exceeds string range, IndexError occurs.

IndexError: string index out of range

We can access characters one by one using a loop and indexing.

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We can access characters in reverse order using negative indexing.

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Positive Indexing	Negative Indexing
Left to right	Right to left
Starts from 0	Starts from -1

p
p

String indexing is useful for character extraction, password validation, data processing, parsing text, and pattern matching.

This program prints each character along with its positive and negative index, matching the Word file example.

Enter Some String:durga
The character present at positive index 0 and at negative index -5 is d
The character present at positive index 1 and at negative index -4 is u
The character present at positive index 2 and at negative index -3 is r
The character present at positive index 3 and at negative index -2 is g
The character present at positive index 4 and at negative index -1 is a

Sample Output:

• String indexing starts from 0 in the forward direction.
• Negative indexing starts from -1 in the backward direction.
• Every character in a string has both a positive index and a negative index.
• Invalid indexes raise an IndexError.

Feature	Description
Positive Index	Left to right
Negative Index	Right to left
First Positive Index	0
First Negative Index	-1
Error for Invalid Index	IndexError